Ikibanza mumuhanda wo kubika ingufu

Turimo kumenyera imyaka-yo kwandika amateka yo kubika ingufu, kandi 2024 nayo ntiyari idasanzwe. Uruganda Tesla rwohereje 31.4 GWh, rwiyongereyeho 213% kuva mu 2023, n’umushinga w’ubutasi w’isoko Bloomberg New Energy Finance yazamuye iteganyagihe inshuro ebyiri, urangira umwaka uteganya ko hafi 2.4 TWh yo kubika ingufu za batiri mu 2030. Ibyo birashoboka ko bidashoboka.

Gutanga ibitekerezo byiza no gukura kugaragara bizwi ko bigoye guhanura. Abantu ntibashyizweho neza kugirango batunganyirize ibintu. Muri 2019, ububiko bwa hydro pompe (PHS) bwatanze 90% byingufu zo kubika ingufu zisi ku isi (zapimwe muri gigawatts), ariko bateri zigiye kurenga iyo 2025 hamwe nubushobozi bwayo bwo kubika ingufu, mumasaha ya gigawatt, kugeza 2030.

Batteri ni ikoranabuhanga, ntabwo ari lisansi, kandi ikurikiza igabanuka ryigiciro "igipimo cyo kwiga" cyane nkicya kimwe cya kabiri cyogukoresha ibikoresho byizuba kuruta icyumutungo gakondo. Abashakashatsi bo mu kigo cy’ibitekerezo cya RMI bavuga ko ibiciro bya selile byagabanutseho 29% kuri buri gukuba kabiri ingano y’isoko.

Igisekuru gishya cya “3xx Ah” lithium ferro-fosifate (LFP) - 305Ah, 306Ah, 314Ah, 320Ah - yinjiye mu musaruro, itanga ingufu nyinshi kandi igiciro cyo hasi kirenze selile 280Ah. Bakeneye umurongo muto wo kongera umusaruro kubera ibintu bisa na prismatic form.

Ikinyabiziga gikoresha amashanyarazi gahoro gahoro (EV) cyateje isoko ryinshi, bikomeza gutesha agaciro ibiciro fatizo bya batiri no guteza amarushanwa akomeye. Mu 2024, impuzandengo yo kubika ingufu (ESS) igiciro cyagabanutseho 40% igera ku $ 165 / kWt, igabanuka rikabije ku nyandiko. Ibiciro byabashinwa biri hasi cyane, kuko isoko rya 16 GWh PowerChina ryabonye ibiciro bya ESS ugereranije$ 66.3 / kWt mu Kuboza 2024.

Kumara igihe kirekire

Kugabanuka kw'ibiciro by'akagari byunguka cyane sisitemu yo kubika ingufu igihe kirekire. Iyi mishinga, hamwe nibice byinshi byigiciro cya selile, bigenda bigaragara neza byihuse kuruta uko byari byitezwe, bityo imbuga zifite ububiko bwigihe kirekire ni "gusimbuka" bateri yamasaha imwe kugeza kuri abiri yo kugenzura imirongo ya gride no guhinduranya imizigo muri Amerika na Ositaraliya.

Urugero, umushinga w’inyanja Itukura yo muri Arabiya Sawudite, ubu wakira “microgrid nini ku isi” - izuba rya MW 400 na MW 225 / 1.3 GWh yo kubika ingufu za batiri (BESS).

Arabiya Sawudite ifite 33.5 GWh ya bateri ikora, irimo kubakwa, cyangwa isoko - byose bifite igihe cyamasaha ane kugeza kuri atanu - hamwe na 34 GWh yateganijwe hashingiwe ku ngamba z’ingufu za Vision 2030. Ibyo bishobora gushyira Arabiya Sawudite mu masoko atanu ya mbere yo kubika ingufu ku isi mu 2026.Imbaraga nk'izo zishobora kuba hirya no hino mu burasirazuba bwo hagati no muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru (MENA) izuba riva, kuva muri Maroc kugera muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abarabu, ugashyira akarere nk'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kandi ahanini bikaba biri munsi ya radar y'abashinzwe iteganyagihe, bitewe n'umuvuduko w'iterambere.

Inzego z'ibanze ndetse n'isi yose

Nubwo bigenda byizerwa, iminyururu yo gutanga batiri ikomeje kwiganza mubushinwa. Kugerageza gushimangira urunigi rwogutanga uturere ahanini byagoye guhangana. Isenyuka rya Britishvolt mu Bwongereza hamwe no gutanga igihombo cya Northvolt mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ni urugero rwiza. Ibyo ntabwo byahagaritse ingufu zo gutanga bateri hagati yisi irinda isi.

Itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga ry’Amerika ryashishikarije BESS gukora ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa bigamije guhanga imirimo no kugabanya gushingira ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Izi ngamba zishobora guteza buhoro buhoro gufata ingufu za gride nini yo kubika ingufu hamwe na EV, nyamara, kubera ibiciro biri hafi yigihe gito.

Ubushinwa bwarabyihoreyegahundakubuza kohereza hanze ibikoresho bya cathode na anode kimwe nogukuramo lithium nubuhanga bunoze. Nubwo uruganda rwa ESS hamwe na batiri rwaba rwibanze, ibikoresho fatizo bizakomeza kwibanda mubushinwa, bimure icyuho hejuru.

Muri 2025, isoko yo kubika ingufu kwisi irashobora kwigabanyamo kabiri. Amasoko arengera ibidukikije nka Amerika, Ubuhinde, na MENA azashyira imbere urunigi rutangwa mu rwego rwo guhanga imirimo mu gihe Global y'Amajyepfo izibanda ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bitishyurwa, kugira ngo bihendutse kandi byiyongere mu bukungu.

Izi mbaraga zisubiramo impaka zamateka yisi yose nkamategeko y ibigori yo muri 1800. Urwego rwo kubika ingufu rufite ibibazo bisa hagati y’udushya dushingiye ku bucuruzi n’ingaruka z’ubusumbane mu bukungu no kwimurwa mu kazi.

Inzira igana imbere

Umwaka wa 2025 rero, uzaranga indi ngingo ihindagurika mu nganda zibika ingufu. Nkuko iterambere ryikoranabuhanga hamwe nigiciro cyigabanuka byihutisha kwakirwa no kuzana ububiko bwigihe kirekire, kimwe nogushoboka 100% -bishobora kuvugururwa, amasoko ariteguye kongera gusobanura imiterere yingufu zabo. Isiganwa ryisi yose yo gutanga amasoko ashimangira uburyo kubika ingufu bitakiri ikoranabuhanga rishyigikira gusa, ahubwo ni inkingi nkuru yinzibacyuho.

Igabana ry'urunigi rutangwa ku isi, rwatewe na politiki yo gukumira ibicuruzwa, rutera kwibaza ibibazo bijyanye n'uburinganire bw'ingufu no guhanga udushya. Ese gusunika kwimikorere yinganda zikora neza cyangwa bizadindiza iterambere kumasoko biterwa nibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kandi bihindure gusa "choke point" hejuru?

Mu kugendagenda kuri izo mbaraga, urwego rwo kubika ingufu rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibirenze ubukungu bw’amashanyarazi - rushobora gutanga urugero rw’ukuntu inganda zishobora guhuza irushanwa, ubufatanye, ndetse n’iterambere rirambye mu guhangana n’ibibazo by’isi yose. Ibyemezo byafashwe uyu munsi bizumvikana neza nyuma ya 2025, ntibizagaragaza gusa inzibacyuho yingufu, ahubwo bizagaragaza inzira nini yubukungu nubukungu bwagutse mumyaka mirongo iri imbere.