Amakuru

Mu gihe cy’iterambere ryihuse mu kinyejana cya 21, gukoresha no gukoresha ingufu zidasanzwe byateje ibura ry’ingufu zisanzwe nka peteroli, izamuka ry’ibiciro, ihumana rikomeye ry’ibidukikije, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bikabije, ubushyuhe bw’isi n’ibindi bibazo by’ibidukikije. Ku ya 22 Nzeri 2020, igihugu cyatanze intego ya karuboni ebyiri yo kugera ku gasongero ka karuboni mu 2030 no kutagira karuboni mu 2060.
Ingufu z'izuba ni iz'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, kandi nta ntege nke zizabaho. Dukurikije amakuru ya siyansi, ingufu z'izuba zimurikira Isi ubu zikubye inshuro 6.000 kurusha ingufu nyazo zikoreshwa n'abantu, ibi bikaba bihagije ku bantu. Mu bidukikije byo mu kinyejana cya 21, ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu z'izuba zo mu nzu byagiye bikoreshwa. Ibyiza ni ibi bikurikira:
1, umutungo kamere w’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ukwirakwira hose, igihe cyose urumuri rushobora gutanga ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, binyuze mu ngufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ushobora guhinduka amashanyarazi, udashingiye ku turere, uburebure n’ibindi bintu.

2, ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu za photovoltaic ku gisenge cy’umuryango bishobora gukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba kugira ngo bikore amashanyarazi hafi aho, bitabaye ngombwa ko ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba zijyanwa kure, kugira ngo hirindwe igihombo cy’ingufu giterwa no kohereza ingufu z’ingufu kure, no kubika ingufu z’amashanyarazi kuri batiri ku gihe.

3, inzira yo guhindura amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic yo ku gisenge ni yoroshye, amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic yo ku gisenge ni uguhindura ingufu z'urumuri mu buryo butaziguye kugeza ku ngufu z'amashanyarazi, nta nzira yo guhindura hagati (nk'ingufu z'ubushyuhe zihinduka ingufu za mechanical, guhindura ingufu za mechanical mu ngufu z'amashanyarazi, nibindi) hamwe n'ingendo za mechanical, ni ukuvuga ko nta kwangirika kwa mechanical no gukoresha ingufu, nk'uko isesengura rya thermodynamic ribigaragaza, amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic afite ubushobozi bwo gukora ingufu mu buryo bw'imitekerereze, ashobora kugera ku kigero kirenga 80%.

4, amashanyarazi akomoka ku gisenge akoreshwa mu gushyushya imvura ni meza kandi ntangiza ibidukikije, kuko uburyo bwo gukora amashanyarazi akomoka ku gisenge akoreshwa mu gushyushya imvura budakoresha lisansi, ntibusohora ibintu birimo imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'indi myuka isohora umwuka, ntibuhumanya ikirere, ntibutanga urusaku, ntibuteza umwanda uhindagurika, ntibuteza imirasire yangiza ubuzima bw'abantu. Birumvikana ko bitazagerwaho n'ikibazo cy'ingufu n'isoko ry'ingufu, kandi ni ingufu nshya zishobora kuvugururwa zikomoka ku bidukikije kandi zirengera ibidukikije.

5, sisitemu yo gukora amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic yo ku gisenge irahamye kandi yizewe, kandi ubuzima bw'uturemangingo tw'izuba twa silikoni dukoresha kristalo ni imyaka 20-35. Muri sisitemu yo gukora amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic, igihe cyose igishushanyo mbonera gikwiye kandi guhitamo bikwiye, igihe cyo kuyikoresha gishobora kugera ku myaka irenga 30.

6. Igiciro gito cyo kubungabunga, nta muntu wihariye uri ku kazi, nta bice bya mashini bitanga ingufu, imikorere yoroshye no kubungabunga, imikorere ihamye, umutekano kandi wizewe.

7, gushyiraho no gutwara ibintu biroroshye, imiterere ya module ya photovoltaic ni yoroshye, ni nto, ifite uburemere bworoshye, igihe gito cyo kubaka, yorohereza gutwara no gushyiraho no gukemura ibibazo byihuse mu bidukikije bitandukanye.

8, igishushanyo mbonera cy’uburyo bwo kubika ingufu, uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyiraho, uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyishyiraho. Buri module y’uburyo bwo kubika ingufu ni 5kwh kandi ishobora kwaguka kugeza kuri 30kwh.

9. Ifite ubwenge, ubwumvikane, umutekano kandi bwizewe. Ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu bifite uburyo bwo kugenzura bukoresheje ubwenge (porogaramu yo kugenzura porogaramu ya telefoni igendanwa na porogaramu yo kugenzura mudasobwa) hamwe n'urubuga rwo gukoresha no kubungabunga ibikoresho biri kure kugira ngo bigenzure imiterere y'imikorere n'amakuru y'ibikoresho igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.

10, sisitemu yo gucunga umutekano w’amabateri y’urwego runini, sisitemu yo kurinda inkuba, sisitemu yo kurinda inkongi n’isitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe kugira ngo sisitemu ikore neza, uburinzi bwinshi bw’uburinzi bwinshi.

11, amashanyarazi ahendutse. Bitewe n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki y'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha muri iki cyiciro, igiciro cy'amashanyarazi gigabanyijemo ibiciro by'amashanyarazi hakurikijwe igihe "cy'izamuka ry'ikirere, ikibaya n'ikiraro", kandi igiciro rusange cy'amashanyarazi nacyo kigaragaza icyerekezo cy'"izamuka rihoraho n'izamuka ry'ibiciro buhoro buhoro". Ikoreshwa rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za photovoltaic ku gisenge ntiribangamirwa n'izamuka ry'ibiciro.

12, kugabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi. Bitewe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ubukungu bw'inganda, ndetse n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bukomeje kwiyongera, amapfa n'ibura ry'amazi mu mpeshyi, ingufu zikomoka ku mazi ziragoye, kandi ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi naryo ryariyongereye, kandi hazabaho ibura ry'amashanyarazi, ibura ry'amashanyarazi no kugabanyirizwa ingufu mu bice byinshi. Gukoresha uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za photovoltaic ku gisenge ntibizagira ibura ry'amashanyarazi, kandi ntibizagira ingaruka ku kazi n'ubuzima bw'abantu bisanzwe.