Nzira yekuchengetedza simba iri munzira

Tava kujaira makore akaputsa rekodhi ekuchengetedza simba, uye 2024 haina kusiyana. Mugadziri weTesla akaisa 31.4 GWh, yakakwira ne213% kubva muna 2023, uye kambani yeruzivo rwemusika Bloomberg New Energy Finance yakasimudza fungidziro yayo kaviri, ichigumisa gore ichifanotaura nezve 2.4 TWh yekuchengetera simba remabhatiri panosvika 2030. Izvozvo zvingangove zvisingatarisirwi.

Zviitiko zvakanaka zvemhinduro uye kukura kwe exponential zvakaoma kufanotaura. Vanhu havana kugadzirira zvakanaka kugadzirisa ma exponents. Muna 2019, pomped hydro storage (PHS) yakapa 90% yesimba repasi rose rekuchengetedza simba (rakayerwa muma gigawatts), asi mabhatiri anotarisirwa kupfuura ayo muna 2025 uye simba rayo rekuchengetedza simba, muma gigawatt-hours, panosvika 2030.

Mabhatiri itekinoroji, kwete mafuta, uye anotevera "mwero wekudzidza" wekudzikiswa kwemitengo wakafanana newema semiconductors emidziyo yezuva pane wezvinhu zvesimba zvechinyakare. Mari yemabhatiri yakadzikira ne29% pakuwedzera kaviri kwehukuru hwemusika mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, sekureva kwevaongorori veRMI think tank.

Chizvarwa chitsva chemasero e "3xx Ah" lithium ferro-phosphate (LFP) - 305Ah, 306Ah, 314Ah, 320Ah - chatanga kugadzirwa, zvichipa simba rakawanda uye mitengo yakaderera yezvikamu kupfuura masero e280Ah. Vaida kugadziriswa kushoma kwemutsara wekugadzira nekuda kwechimiro chakafanana cheprismatic.

Kuderera kwekuda kwemotokari dzemagetsi (EV) kwakakonzera kuwanda kwemagetsi, zvichideredza mitengo yezvinhu zvemagetsi uye zvichikonzera makwikwi emitengo. Muna 2024, avhareji yemitengo yemagetsi (ESS) yakaderera ne40% kusvika pamadhora zana nemakumi matanhatu nemashanu ($165/kWh), kudzikira kwakanyanya kupfuura kare. Mitengo yekuChina yakaderera zvakanyanya, sezvo mutengo wemagetsi we16 GWh PowerChina wakaona mitengo yeESS ichikwira.$66.3/kWh muna Zvita 2024.

Kusvetuka-svetuka kwenguva refu

Kuderera kwemitengo yemasero kunobatsira zvakanyanya masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba kwenguva refu. Mapurojekiti aya, ane zvikamu zvepamusoro zvemutengo wemasero, ari kushanda nekukurumidza kupfuura zvaitarisirwa, saka nzvimbo dzine nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza kwenguva refu dziri "kumhanya-mhanya" mabhatiri eawa imwe kusvika maviri ekudzora grid frequency uye kutakura mutoro muUnited States neAustralia.

Semuenzaniso, chirongwa cheRed Sea Project cheSaudi Arabia, ikozvino chine "grid hombe pasi rose" - sisitimu yekuchengetedza simba remagetsi ine simba re400 MW uye 225 MW/1.3 GWh mabhatiri (BESS).

Saudi Arabia ine 33.5 GWh yemabhatiri ari kushanda, ari kugadzirwa, kana kuti ari kutengeswa - ese aine nguva yekuchengetedza kwemaawa mana kusvika mashanu - uye mamwe 34 GWh akarongwa pasi pechirongwa chayo cheVision 2030 energy. Izvi zvinogona kuisa Saudi Arabia pakati pemisika mishanu yepamusoro yekuchengetedza magetsi pasi rose panosvika 2026. Maitiro akafanana anogona kunge aripo muMiddle East neNorth Africa (MENA) sunbelt, kubva kuMorocco kusvika kuUnited Arab Emirates, zvichiisa dunhu iri senzvimbo inotengesa magetsi akachena kunze kwenyika uye zvese zviri pasi pevaongorori, nekuda kwekumhanya kwekuvandudzwa.

Munharaunda uye pasi rose

Kunyangwe paine mafambiro akanaka, mabhatiri ari kutungamirwa neChina. Kuedza kusimbisa mabhatiri ari kutungamirwa munharaunda kwave kuomera zvikuru kukwikwidzana. Kuparara kweBritishvolt muUnited Kingdom uye kuburitswa kwekuchengetedzwa kweNorthvolt muEuropean Union kunoshanda semienzaniso yakajeka. Izvozvo hazvina kumisa kuedza kwemabhatiri ari kutungamirwa munyika ine kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya.

Mutemo weUS Inflation Reduction Act wakurudzira kugadzirwa kweBESS uye kubhadhariswa kwemitero yezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuChina kuti zvigadzire mabasa uye kuderedza kuvimba nezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Matanho aya anoisa njodzi pakushandiswa kwemagetsi anochengeterwa magetsi nemaEV zvishoma nezvishoma, zvisinei, nekuda kwemitengo yakakwira yemazuva ano.

China yakatsiva nekutaura zvisina kunakachirongwakurambidza kutengeswa kwemidziyo yekugadzira cathode neanode pamwe chete netekinoroji yekubvisa nekuvandudza lithium. Kunyangwe kana kugadzirwa kweESS nemabhatiri kuri kwemuno, zvinhu zvitsva zvicharamba zvakaungana muChina, zvichifambisa dambudziko iri kumusoro.

Muna 2025, musika wepasi rose wekuchengetedza simba unogona kupatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri. Misika yekudzivirira yakaita seUnited States, India, neMENA ichaisa pamberi nzira dzekugadzira mabasa munzvimbo dzakasiyana ukuwo Global South ichitarisa pazvinhu zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika zvisina muripo, kuti zvikwanise kutenga zvinhu zvakawanda uye kukura kwehupfumi.

Izvi zvinodzokorora nhaurirano dzekare dzekudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose dzakadai seMutemo weChibage wemakore ekuma1800. Chikamu chekuchengetedza simba chinotarisana nekusawirirana kwakafanana pakati pezvinhu zvitsva zvinotungamirwa nekutengeserana uye njodzi dzekusaenzana kwehupfumi nekudzingwa kwemabasa.

Nzira yekumberi

Saka, gore ra2025 richaratidza imwe nguva yekuchinja kweindasitiri yekuchengetedza simba. Sezvo kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji nekudzikira kwemitengo zvichikurumidza kushandiswa uye zvichiunza kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba, pamwe nekukwanisika kwegridi yemagetsi inodzokororwa 100%, misika iri kuramba ichigadzirira kutsanangura patsva nzvimbo dzayo dzesimba. Mujaho wepasi rose wekutonga kwecheni yekugovera unoratidza kuti kuchengetedza simba hakusisiri tekinoroji inotsigira chete, asi mbiru huru yekuchinja kwesimba.

Kupatsanurwa kwecheni dzezvekugovera pasi rose, kuchikurudzirwa nemitemo yekudzivirira, kunomutsa mibvunzo mikuru pamusoro pekuenzana kwesimba remagetsi uye hunyanzvi. Kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwezvinhu munzvimbo imwe chete kuchatungamira kusimba here kana kuti kuchaderedza kufambira mberi mumisika inovimba nemitengo inotengwa kunze kwenyika inokwanisika uye kungochinja "nzvimbo yekugumburwa" kuenda kumusoro?

Mukufamba nematanho aya, chikamu chekuchengetedza simba chine mukana wekuita zvinopfuura hupfumi hwesimba - chinogona kuisa muenzaniso wekuti maindasitiri anogona sei kuenzana nemakwikwi, kushandira pamwe, uye kugadzikana pasinei nematambudziko epasi rose. Sarudzo dzakaitwa nhasi dzichashanda zvakanyanya kupfuura gore ra2025, dzichiumba kwete chete shanduko yesimba, asiwo nzira yakakura yehupfumi hwevanhu mumakumi emakore anotevera.