Indlela Yokungathathi-hlangothi Kwekhabhoni: Indlela Izinkampani Nohulumeni Abasebenza Ngayo Ukunciphisa Ukukhishwa Kwegesi Emkhathini

Ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, noma ukukhishwa kwe-net-zero, umqondo wokufinyelela ibhalansi phakathi kwenani lekhabhoni dioksijini ekhishwa emoyeni kanye nenani elisuswa kuwo. Leli bhalansi lingatholakala ngokuhlanganiswa kokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokutshala imali ezindleleni zokususa ikhabhoni noma zokunciphisa. Ukufinyelela ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni sekuyinto eza kuqala kohulumeni namabhizinisi emhlabeni jikelele, njengoba befuna ukubhekana nosongo oluphuthumayo lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Elinye lamasu abalulekile asetshenziswayo ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebangela ukushisa komhlaba ukusebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Ilanga, umoya, kanye namandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi konke kuyimithombo yamandla ahlanzekile angakhiqizi ukukhishwa kwegesi ebangela ukushisa komhlaba. Amazwe amaningi azibekele imigomo emikhulu yokwandisa isabelo samandla avuselelekayo ekuxubeni kwawo kwamandla jikelele, kanti amanye ahlose ukufeza amandla avuselelekayo angu-100% ngo-2050.

Elinye isu elisetshenziswayo ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokubamba nokugcina ikhabhoni (CCS). I-CCS ihilela ukubamba ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni dioksijini okuvela ezitshalweni zikagesi noma kwezinye izikhungo zezimboni bese ikugcina ngaphansi komhlaba noma kwezinye izindawo zokugcina isikhathi eside. Nakuba i-CCS isesesigabeni sayo sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa, inamandla okunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuvela kwezinye zezimboni ezingcolisa kakhulu.

 Ngaphezu kwezixazululo zobuchwepheshe, kunezindlela eziningi zenqubomgomo ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwegesi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izindlela zokubeka amanani e-carbon, njengentela ye-carbon noma izinhlelo zokuhweba nge-cap-and-trade, ezidala isisusa sezezimali sezinkampani sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kwazo. Ohulumeni bangabeka nemigomo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi futhi banikeze izisusa ezinkampanini ezitshala imali emandleni ahlanzekile noma ezinciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kwazo.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinselele ezibalulekile okumele zinqotshwe ekufuneni ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. Enye yezinselele ezinkulu izindleko eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe obuningi bamandla avuselelekayo. Nakuba izindleko ziye zehla ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva nje, amazwe amaningi namabhizinisi asakuthola kunzima ukuthethelela ukutshalwa kwezimali kusengaphambili okudingekayo ukuze kushintshelwe emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo.

Enye inselele isidingo sokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke edinga impendulo ehlelekile yomhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, amazwe amaningi abe madolonzima ukuthatha isinyathelo, kungaba ngenxa yokuthi awanazo izinsiza zokutshala imali emandleni ahlanzekile noma ngoba akhathazekile ngomthelela emnothweni wawo.

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, kunezizathu eziningi zokuba nethemba ngekusasa lokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. Ohulumeni namabhizinisi emhlabeni wonke baya ngokuya beqaphela ukuphuthuma kwenkinga yesimo sezulu futhi bathatha isinyathelo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe yenza imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ibe ngengabizi futhi ifinyeleleke kalula kunanini ngaphambili.

Ekuphetheni, ukufeza ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kuwumgomo onesifiso kodwa ofinyelelekayo. Kuzodinga inhlanganisela yokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, izinyathelo zenqubomgomo, kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa-ke, uma siphumelela emizamweni yethu yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa umhlaba, singakha ikusasa elizinzile kakhulu kithi kanye nezizukulwane ezizayo.