He aha te meaIahumahi me teCarumoniEpūngaoSte rokiroki me teCŌmonaBpakihiMngā tauira

IRokiroki Pūngao Ahumahi me te Arumoni

Ko te "rokiroki pūngao ahumahi me te arumoni" e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whare ahumahi, arumoni rānei.

Mai i te tirohanga a ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga, ka taea te whakarōpū i te rokiroki pūngao ki te rokiroki pūngao taha-hiko, taha-pūnaha, me te taha-kaiwhakamahi. Ko te rokiroki pūngao taha-hiko me te taha-pūnaha e mōhiotia ana ko te rokiroki pūngao i mua i te mita, ko te rokiroki papatipu rānei, ko te rokiroki pūngao taha-kaiwhakamahi ia e kiia ana ko te rokiroki pūngao muri-mita. Ka taea te wehewehe anō i te rokiroki pūngao taha-kaiwhakamahi ki te rokiroki pūngao ahumahi me te arumoni me te rokiroki pūngao whare. Ko te tikanga, ko te rokiroki pūngao ahumahi me te arumoni kei raro i te rokiroki pūngao taha-kaiwhakamahi, e whakatutuki ana i ngā whare ahumahi, arumoni rānei. Ka kitea ngā whakamahinga o te rokiroki pūngao ahumahi me te arumoni i roto i ngā momo tautuhinga, tae atu ki ngā papa ahumahi, ngā pokapū arumoni, ngā pokapū raraunga, ngā teihana whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā whare whakahaere, ngā hōhipera, ngā kura, me ngā whare noho.

Mai i te tirohanga hangarau, ka taea te whakarōpū i te hoahoanga o ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao ahumahi me te arumoni ki ngā momo e rua: ngā pūnaha hono-DC me ngā pūnaha hono-AC. Ko ngā pūnaha hono-DC e whakamahi ana i ngā pūnaha rokiroki photovoltaic whakauru, kei roto ko ngā wāhanga rerekē pēnei i ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic (ko te nuinga kei roto ko ngā kōwae photovoltaic me ngā kaiwhakahaere), ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko rokiroki pūngao (ko te nuinga kei roto ko ngā kete pākahiko, ngā kaitahuri rua-ara (“PCS”), ngā pūnaha whakahaere pākahiko (“BMS”), te whakatutuki i te whakaurunga o te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic me te rokiroki), ngā pūnaha whakahaere pūngao (“pūnaha EMS”), me ētahi atu.

Ko te kaupapa matua o te mahi ko te utu tika i ngā kete pākahiko me te mana DC i hangaia e ngā waeine photovoltaic mā roto i ngā kaiwhakahaere photovoltaic. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te huri i te mana AC mai i te whatunga hiko hei mana DC mā te PCS hei utu i te kete pākahiko. Ina hiahiatia he hiko mai i te kawenga, ka tukuna e te pākahiko te iahiko, ko te pūwāhi kohikohi hiko kei te pito pākahiko. I tētahi atu taha, he maha ngā wāhanga o ngā pūnaha hononga AC, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic (ko te nuinga kei roto ko ngā waeine photovoltaic me ngā inverters hono-whatunga), ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko rokiroki hiko (ko te nuinga kei roto ko ngā kete pākahiko, PCS, BMS, me ētahi atu), te pūnaha EMS, me ētahi atu.

Ko te kaupapa matua o te whakahaere ko te huri i te mana DC i hangaia e ngā waeine photovoltaic ki te mana AC mā roto i ngā inverters e hono ana ki te whatunga, ka taea te tuku tika ki te whatunga, ki ngā kawenga hiko rānei. Tērā atu rānei, ka taea te huri hei mana DC mā roto i te PCS ka utaina ki te kete pākahiko. I tēnei wā, ko te wāhi kohikohi hiko kei te pito AC. E mōhiotia ana ngā pūnaha hononga DC mō ō rātou utu-whai hua me te ngāwari, e tika ana mō ngā āhuatanga e iti ake ana te hiko e whakamahia ana e ngā kaiwhakamahi i te awatea, ā, he nui ake i te pō. I tētahi atu taha, ko ngā pūnaha hononga AC he nui ake ngā utu me te ngāwari, he pai mō ngā tono kei reira ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic kua whakamahia kētia, kei reira rānei e nui ake ana te hiko e whakamahia ana e ngā kaiwhakamahi i te awatea, ā, he iti ake i te pō.

I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea e te hoahoa o ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao ahumahi me te arumoni te whakahaere motuhake mai i te whatunga hiko matua, ka hanga i tētahi whatunga moroiti mō te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic me te rokiroki pākahiko.

II. Whakataunga Whakataunga o te Peak Valley

Ko te Peak valley arbitrage he tauira moni whiwhi e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te rokiroki hiko ahumahi me te arumoni, e uru ana ki te utu mai i te whatunga hiko i ngā utu hiko iti me te tuku hiko i ngā utu hiko teitei.

Hei tauira, ko ngā rāngai ahumahi me ngā rāngai arumoni e whakamahi ana i ngā kaupapa here utu hiko mō te wā-whakamahinga me ngā kaupapa here utu hiko tihi. Hei tauira, i te rohe o Shanghai, i whakaputa te Komihana Whakawhanake me te Whakahoutanga o Shanghai i tētahi pānui hei whakarei ake i te tikanga utu hiko mō te wā-whakamahinga i roto i te tāone (Komihana Whakawhanake me te Whakahoutanga o Shanghai [2022] Nama 50). E ai ki te pānui:

Mō ngā mahi ahumahi whānui me ngā mahi arumoni, tae atu ki ētahi atu whakamahinga hiko wāhanga-rua me ngā whakamahinga hiko wāhanga-rua nui a te ahumahi, ko te wā tino nui ko te 19:00 ki te 21:00 i te takurua (Hanuere me Tīhema) me te 12:00 ki te 14:00 i te raumati (Hōngongoi me Ākuhata).

I ngā wā tino pukumahi o te raumati (Hōngongoi, Ākuhata, Mahuru) me te takurua (Hanuere, Tīhema), ka piki ake ngā utu hiko mā te 80% i runga i te utu pumau. I tua atu, i ngā wā iti, ka heke ngā utu hiko mā te 60% i runga i te utu pumau. Hei tāpiri, i ngā wā tino pukumahi, ka piki ake ngā utu hiko mā te 25% i runga i te utu pumau.

I ētahi atu marama i ngā wā tino pukumahi, ka piki ake ngā utu hiko mā te 60% i runga i te utu pumau, i ngā wā iti ia, ka heke iho ngā utu mā te 50% i runga i te utu pumau.

Mō te whakamahinga hiko whānui o ngā ahumahi, ngā mahi arumoni, me ētahi atu pūnaha kotahi, ko ngā hāora pīki me ngā hāora awaawa anake ka wehea, kāore he wehewehenga anō o ngā hāora pīki. I ngā wā pīki i te raumati (Hōngongoi, Ākuhata, Hepetema) me te takurua (Hanuere, Tīhema), ka piki ake ngā utu hiko mā te 20% i runga i te utu pumau, i ngā wā iti, ka heke ngā utu mā te 45% i runga i te utu pumau. I ētahi atu marama i ngā hāora pīki, ka piki ake ngā utu hiko mā te 17% i runga i te utu pumau, i ngā wā iti, ka heke ngā utu mā te 45% i runga i te utu pumau.

Ka whakamahia tēnei hanganga utu e ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao ahumahi me te arumoni mā te hoko hiko iti te utu i ngā wā kore-pīki, ā, ka tukuna atu ki te kawenga i ngā wā pīki, i ngā wā utu nui rānei. Mā tēnei mahi ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga hiko a ngā umanga.

IIITe Huringa Pūngao, te Wā

Ko te "nekehanga wā pūngao" he whakarerekē i te wā e pau ana te hiko mā te rokiroki pūngao hei whakangawari i ngā tono nui me te whakakī i ngā wā iti te tono. Ina whakamahia ngā taputapu whakaputa hiko pēnei i ngā pūtau photovoltaic, ko te kore taurite i waenga i te pihi whakaputa me te pihi paunga kawenga ka arahi ki ngā āhuatanga ka hokona e ngā kaiwhakamahi te hiko nui ki te whatunga hiko i ngā utu iti iho, ka hokona rānei te hiko mai i te whatunga hiko i ngā utu teitei ake.

Hei whakatika i tēnei, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te utu i te pākahiko i ngā wā e iti ana te whakamahinga hiko, me te tuku i te hiko kua rongoatia i ngā wā tino nui o te whakamahinga. Ko te whāinga o tēnei rautaki he whakanui i ngā painga ōhanga me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro a ngā kamupene. Hei tāpiri, ko te penapena i te hau me te pūngao rā nui mai i ngā puna whakahou hei whakamahi ā muri ake nei i ngā wā tino nui o te tono he mahi whakawhiti wā pūngao anō hoki.

Kāore he whakaritenga tino pakari mō te huringa wā pūngao e pā ana ki ngā wātaka utu me te tuku, ā, he ngāwari ngā tawhā mana mō ēnei tukanga, he mea hanga hei otinga maha-whakamahinga me te auau tono teitei.

IV.Ngā tauira pakihi noa mō te rokiroki pūngao ahumahi me te arumoni

1.KaupapaIwhai wāhi

E ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, ko te kaupapa matua o te rokiroki pūngao ahumahi me te arumoni kei roto i te whakamahi i ngā whare me ngā ratonga rokiroki pūngao, me te whiwhi i ngā painga rokiroki pūngao mā te whakatau tata ki te awaawa o te tihi me ētahi atu tikanga. Ā, huri noa i tēnei mekameka, ko ngā kaiuru matua ko te kaiwhakarato taputapu, te kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao, te rōpū riihi pūtea, me te kaiwhakamahi:

2.NoaBpakihiMngā tauira

I tēnei wā, e whā ngā tauira pakihi noa mō te rokiroki pūngao ahumahi me te arumoni, arā, ko te tauira "haumi whaiaro a te kaiwhakamahi", te tauira "rīhi parakore", te tauira "whakahaere pūngao kirimana", me te tauira "whakahaere pūngao kirimana+rīhi pūtea". Kua whakarāpopototia e mātou ēnei penei:

(1)Use Ihaumitanga

I raro i te tauira haumi whaiaro a te kaiwhakamahi, ka hoko, ka tāuta hoki te kaiwhakamahi i ngā pūnaha rokiroki hiko mā rātou anō kia whiwhi ai i ngā painga rokiroki hiko, mā te whakatau tata o te awaawa tihi. I tēnei aratau, ahakoa ka taea e te kaiwhakamahi te whakaiti tika i te heu tihi me te whakakī awaawa, me te whakaiti i ngā utu hiko, me utu tonu e rātou te utu haumi tuatahi me ngā whakapaunga whakahaere me te tiaki o ia rā. Ko te hoahoa tauira pakihi e whai ake nei:

(2) ParakoreLwhakangawari

I roto i te aratau riihi parakore, kāore te kaiwhakamahi e hiahia ki te hoko i ngā whare rokiroki hiko mā rātou anō. Me reti noa e rātou ngā whare rokiroki hiko mai i te kaiwhakarato taputapu me te utu i ngā utu e tika ana. Ka whakaratohia e te kaiwhakarato taputapu ngā ratonga hanga, whakahaere me te tiaki ki te kaiwhakamahi, ā, ko te moni whiwhi rokiroki hiko e puta mai ana i tēnei ka pā ki te kaiwhakamahi. Ko te hoahoa tauira pakihi e whai ake nei:

(3) Te Whakahaere Pūngao o te Kirimana

I raro i te tauira whakahaere pūngao kirimana, ka haumi te kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao ki te hoko i ngā whare rokiroki pūngao, ā, ka whakaratohia ki ngā kaiwhakamahi i roto i te ahua o ngā ratonga pūngao. Ka tohaina e te kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao me te kaiwhakamahi ngā painga o te rokiroki pūngao i runga i te tikanga kua whakaaetia (tae atu ki te tiritiri hua, ngā whakahekenga utu hiko, me ētahi atu), arā, te whakamahi i te pūnaha teihana hiko rokiroki pūngao hei penapena pūngao hiko i ngā wā utu hiko awaawa, i ngā wā utu hiko noa rānei, kātahi ka tukuna te hiko ki te kawenga a te kaiwhakamahi i ngā wā utu hiko tihi. Kātahi ka tohaina e te kaiwhakamahi me te kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao ngā painga rokiroki pūngao i roto i te ōwehenga kua whakaaetia. Ki te whakatauritea ki te tauira haumi whaiaro a te kaiwhakamahi, ka whakauruhia e tēnei tauira ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao e whakarato ana i ngā ratonga rokiroki pūngao e rite ana. Ka whai wāhi ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao hei kaipupuri moni i roto i te tauira whakahaere pūngao kirimana, e whakaiti ana i te pēhanga haumi ki ngā kaiwhakamahi ki tētahi taumata. Ko te hoahoa tauira pakihi e whai ake nei:

(4) Whakahaere Pūngao Kirimana+Rīhi Pūtea

Ko te tauira "Whakahaere Pūngao Kirimana+Rīhi Pūtea" e pā ana ki te whakaurunga o tētahi rōpū rīhi pūtea hei kairihi i ngā whare rokiroki pūngao me/ranei ngā ratonga pūngao i raro i te tauira Whakahaere Pūngao Kirimana. Ki te whakatauritea ki te tauira whakahaere pūngao kirimana, mā te whakaurunga o ngā rōpū rīhi pūtea hei hoko whare rokiroki pūngao ka tino whakaiti i te pēhanga pūtea ki ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao, ā, ka taea ai e rātou te aro pai ake ki ngā ratonga whakahaere pūngao kirimana.

He tino uaua te tauira "Whakahaere Pūngao Kirimana + Rīhi Pūtea" ā, he maha ngā tauira iti. Hei tauira, ko tētahi tauira iti noa ko te tiki tuatahi a te kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao i ngā whare rokiroki pūngao mai i te kaiwhakarato taputapu, kātahi ka whiriwhiria e te rōpū rīhi pūtea, ka hokona hoki ngā whare rokiroki pūngao e ai ki tā rātou whakaaetanga me te kaiwhakamahi, ā, ka rīhitia ngā whare rokiroki pūngao ki te kaiwhakamahi.

I roto i te wā riihi, ko te mana pupuri o ngā whare rokiroki hiko kei te taha rīhi pūtea, ā, kei te kaiwhakamahi te mana ki te whakamahi i aua whare. I muri i te paunga o te wā riihi, ka taea e te kaiwhakamahi te whiwhi mana pupuri o ngā whare rokiroki hiko. Ko te kaiwhakarato ratonga hiko te nuinga e whakarato ana i ngā ratonga hanga, whakahaere me te tiaki whare rokiroki hiko ki ngā kaiwhakamahi, ā, ka taea e ia te whiwhi utu e tika ana mai i te taha rīhi pūtea mō te hoko me te whakahaere taputapu. Ko te hoahoa tauira pakihi e whai ake nei:

He rerekē tēnei i te tauira purapura o mua, i roto i tētahi atu tauira purapura, ka haumi tika te rōpū riihi pūtea ki te kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao, kaua ki te kaiwhakamahi. Ina koa, ka whiriwhiria, ka hokona hoki e te rōpū riihi pūtea ngā whare rokiroki pūngao mai i te kaiwhakarato taputapu e ai ki tāna whakaaetanga me te kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao, ā, ka rīhitia ngā whare rokiroki pūngao ki te kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao.

Ka taea e te kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao te whakamahi i aua whare rokiroki pūngao hei whakarato ratonga pūngao ki ngā kaiwhakamahi, hei tohatoha i ngā painga rokiroki pūngao ki ngā kaiwhakamahi i roto i te ōwehenga kua whakaaetia, kātahi ka utua te taha rīhi pūtea me tētahi wāhanga o ngā painga. Kia pau te wā rīhi, ka riro i te kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao te mana whakahaere o te whare rokiroki pūngao. Ko te hoahoa tauira pakihi e whai ake nei:

V. Ngā Whakaaetanga Pakihi Noa

I roto i te tauira kua kōrerohia, ko ngā tikanga pakihi matua me ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ka whakarārangihia penei:

1.Whakaaetanga Anga Mahi Ngātahi:

Ka taea e ngā hinonga te whakauru ki tētahi whakaaetanga anga mahi tahi hei whakatū i tētahi anga mahi tahi. Hei tauira, i roto i te tauira whakahaere pūngao kirimana, ka taea e te kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao te haina i tētahi whakaaetanga pērā me te kaiwhakarato taputapu, e whakamārama ana i ngā kawenga pērā i te hanganga me te whakahaere i te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao.

2.Whakaaetanga Whakahaere Pūngao mō ngā Pūnaha Rokiroki Pūngao:

Ko te tikanga, ka pā tēnei whakaaetanga ki te tauira whakahaere pūngao kirimana me te tauira "whakahaere pūngao kirimana + rīhi pūtea". Kei roto ko te whakarato ratonga whakahaere pūngao e te kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao ki te kaiwhakamahi, me ngā painga e rite ana ki te kaiwhakamahi. Ko ngā kawenga ko ngā utu mai i te kaiwhakamahi me te mahi tahi whakawhanake kaupapa, ko te kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao ia e whakahaere ana i te hoahoa, te hanga, me te whakahaere.

3.Whakaaetanga Hoko Taputapu:

Haunga te tauira riihi parakore, he mea nui ngā whakaaetanga hoko taputapu mō ngā tauira rokiroki pūngao arumoni katoa. Hei tauira, i roto i te tauira haumi-ā-tangata a te kaiwhakamahi, ka hangaia ngā whakaaetanga me ngā kaiwhakarato taputapu mō te hoko me te tāutanga o ngā whakaurunga rokiroki pūngao. Ko te whakapūmau kounga, te tutuki i ngā paerewa, me te ratonga muri-hoko he mea nui hei whakaaroaro.

4.Whakaaetanga Ratonga Hangarau:

Ko te tikanga, ka hainatia tēnei whakaaetanga me te kaiwhakarato taputapu hei tuku ratonga hangarau pēnei i te hoahoa pūnaha, te tāutanga, te whakahaere, me te tiaki. Ko ngā whakaritenga ratonga mārama me te tutuki i ngā paerewa he āhuatanga nui hei aro atu ki ngā whakaaetanga ratonga hangarau.

5.Whakaaetanga Rīhi Taputapu:

I ngā wā e pupuri tonu ana ngā kaiwhakarato taputapu i te mana whakahaere o ngā whare rokiroki hiko, ka hainatia ngā whakaaetanga riihi taputapu i waenga i ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā kaiwhakarato. E whakamārama ana ēnei whakaaetanga i ngā kawenga a ngā kaiwhakamahi mō te pupuri me te whakarite kia mau tonu te mahi o ngā whare.

6.Whakaaetanga Rīhi Pūtea:

I roto i te tauira "Whakahaere Pūngao Kirimana + Rīhi Pūtea", ka whakatūria he whakaaetanga rīhi pūtea i waenga i ngā kaiwhakamahi, i ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao rānei me ngā rōpū rīhi pūtea. Ka whakahaere tēnei whakaaetanga i te hoko me te whakarato i ngā whare rokiroki pūngao, ngā mana pupuri i te wā me muri i te wā rīhi, me ngā whakaaro mō te whiriwhiri i ngā whare rokiroki pūngao e tika ana mō ngā kaiwhakamahi kāinga, ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao rānei.

VI. Ngā whakatūpato motuhake mō ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao

He mahi nui tā ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao i roto i te mekameka o te whakatutukitanga o te rokiroki pūngao ā-umanga me te arumoni, me te whiwhi hoki i ngā painga rokiroki pūngao. Mō ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga pūngao, he maha ngā take e hiahia ana kia aro nui ki raro i te rokiroki pūngao ā-umanga me te arumoni, pērā i te whakarite kaupapa, te putea kaupapa, te hoko whare me te tāutanga. Ka whakarārangihia pototia ēnei take penei: