Mphanda mumsewu wosungira mphamvu

Tazolowera zaka zosawerengeka zosungira mphamvu, ndipo 2024 zidali choncho. Wopanga Tesla adatumiza 31.4 GWh, mpaka 213% kuchokera ku 2023, ndipo wopereka nzeru zamsika Bloomberg New Energy Finance adakweza zoneneratu zake kawiri, kutha chaka akulosera pafupifupi 2.4 TWh ya kusungirako mphamvu ya batri pofika 2030. Izi mwina ndizosawerengeka.

Malingaliro abwino ndi kukula kwachidziwitso ndizovuta kwambiri kuneneratu. Anthu sanakhazikike bwino kuti azikonza ma exponents. Mu 2019, pumped hydro storage (PHS) idapereka 90% ya mphamvu zosungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi (zoyezedwa ndi ma gigawatts), koma mabatire akuyembekezeka kupitilira mu 2025 ndi mphamvu yake yosungiramo mphamvu, mu ma gigawatt-maola, pofika 2030.

Mabatire ndi luso lamakono, osati mafuta, ndipo amatsatira kuchepetsa mtengo wa "kuphunzira" mofanana ndi ma semiconductors a zipangizo za dzuwa kusiyana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Mtengo wa maselo a batri watsika pafupifupi 29% pakukula kulikonse kwa msika m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, malinga ndi ofufuza a RMI think tank.

Mbadwo watsopano wa "3xx Ah" maselo a lithiamu ferro-phosphate (LFP) - 305Ah, 306Ah, 314Ah, 320Ah - walowa mu kupanga, kupereka mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu ndi mtengo wotsika wa unit kuposa maselo a 280Ah. Amafunikira kukonzanso kocheperako chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a prismatic ofanana.

Kufuna kwagalimoto yamagetsi yocheperako kuposa momwe amayembekezeredwa (EV) kwadzetsa kuchulukirachulukira, kutsitsanso mitengo yamafuta a batri ndikuyambitsa mpikisano wamitengo. Mu 2024, mitengo yapakati yosungiramo mphamvu (ESS) idatsika 40% mpaka $165/kWh, kutsika kwambiri pambiri. Mitengo yaku China ndiyotsika kwambiri, popeza 16 GWh PowerChina idawona mitengo ya ESS ikukulirakulira$66.3/kWh mu Disembala 2024.

Kudumphadumpha kwa nthawi yayitali

Kutsika kwamitengo yama cell kumapindulitsa mosawerengeka makina osungira mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali. Mapulojekitiwa, okhala ndi ma cell okwera mtengo kwambiri, akuyamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu kuposa momwe amayembekezera, kotero mawebusayiti omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali "akudumphadumpha" mabatire a ola limodzi kapena awiri pakuwongolera ma frequency a grid ndikusuntha katundu ku United States ndi Australia.

Mwachitsanzo, Saudi Arabia's Red Sea Project, ili ndi "microgrid yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi" - solar ya 400 MW ndi 225 MW/1.3 GWh batire yosungira mphamvu (BESS).

Saudi Arabia ili ndi 33.5 GWh ya mabatire omwe akugwira ntchito, akumangidwa, kapena operekedwa - onse okhala ndi nthawi yosungira maola anayi mpaka asanu - ndi 34 GWh ina yokonzekera pansi pa njira yake yamagetsi ya Vision 2030. Izi zitha kuyika Saudi Arabia pakati pa misika isanu yapamwamba kwambiri yosungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi pofika chaka cha 2026. Zofananira zofananira zikudutsa ku Middle East ndi North Africa (MENA) sunbelt, kuchokera ku Morocco kupita ku United Arab Emirates, ndikuyika chigawochi ngati chogulitsa mphamvu zamagetsi kunja komanso zonse makamaka pansi pa radar ya olosera, chifukwa cha liwiro lachitukuko.

Kumalo ndi padziko lonse lapansi

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino, maunyolo operekera mabatire amakhalabe olamulidwa ndi China. Kuyesera kukulitsa ma chain chain kwakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti apikisane. Kugwa kwa Britishvolt ku United Kingdom ndi kusungitsa chitetezo cha bankirapuse ku Northvolt ku European Union ndi zitsanzo zomveka. Izi sizinayimitse kuyesetsa kwa batire pakati pa dziko lotetezedwa kwambiri.

Lamulo la US Inflation Reduction Act limalimbikitsa kupanga ndi kuitanitsa kwa BESS m'deralo kuzinthu zaku China cholinga chake ndi kupanga ntchito ndi kuchepetsa kudalira katundu wochokera kunja. Miyezo imeneyi imayika chiwopsezo chotenga pang'onopang'ono kusungirako mphamvu zama grid ndi ma EV, komabe, chifukwa chakukwera mtengo kwanthawi yayitali.

China yabweza pobwezadongosolokuletsa kutumiza kwa cathode ndi zida zopangira anode komanso kutulutsa kwa lithiamu ndi ukadaulo woyenga. Ngakhale ESS ndi kupanga ma cell a batri ndi komweko, zida zopangira zizikhalabe ku China, ndikusunthira botolo kumtunda.

Mu 2025, msika wosungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi ukhoza kugawika pawiri. Misika yodzitchinjiriza monga United States, India, ndi MENA idzayika patsogolo njira zopezera ntchito m'deralo pomwe Global South idzayang'ana kwambiri zogulira kunja zopanda msonkho, kuyendetsa mtengo komanso kukula kwachuma.

Izi zikufanana ndi mikangano yakale yokhudzana ndi kudalirana kwa mayiko monga Corn Laws of the 1800s. Gawo losungiramo mphamvu likukumana ndi mikangano yofanana pakati pa zatsopano zoyendetsedwa ndi malonda ndi kuopsa kwa kusiyana kwachuma ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito.

Njira yopita patsogolo

Chaka cha 2025, chifukwa chake, chidzawonetsanso malo ena opangira magetsi. Pamene kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi kutsika kwamitengo kumachulukira kutengera kutengera ndi kubweretsa patsogolo kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kuthekera kwa gridi yowonjezedwanso 100%, misika ikukhala wokonzeka kumasuliranso mphamvu zawo. Mpikisano wapadziko lonse waulamuliro wa chain chain ukutsimikizira momwe kusungirako mphamvu sikulinso luso lothandizira, koma mzati wapakati pa kusintha kwa mphamvu.

Kugawika kwa maunyolo apadziko lonse lapansi, motsogozedwa ndi mfundo zodzitchinjiriza, kumadzutsa mafunso okhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi luso. Kodi kukankhira zinthu zamtundu wanji kumapangitsa kulimba mtima kapena kuchedwetsa kupita patsogolo m'misika yomwe imadalira zotsika mtengo zomwe zimachokera kunja ndikungosuntha "chotchinga" kupita kumtunda?

Poyendetsa machitidwewa, gawo losungiramo mphamvu limatha kuchita zambiri kuposa chuma chamagetsi - likhoza kukhazikitsa chitsanzo cha momwe mafakitale angagwirizanitse mpikisano, mgwirizano, ndi kukhazikika poyang'anizana ndi zovuta zapadziko lonse. Zosankha zomwe zapangidwa lero zidzakhudza kwambiri kupitirira 2025, osati kusintha kwa mphamvu zokha, komanso chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu pazaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi.